DC GENERATOR

            A DC generator or direct current generator is one kind of electrical machine, and the main function of this machine is to convert mechanical energy into DC (direct current) electricity. The energy alteration process uses the principle of energetically induced electromotive force. 

Construction of a DC Generator

A DC generator is also used as a DC motor by without changing its construction. Therefore, a DC motor otherwise a DC generator can be generally called as a DC machine. The construction of a 4-pole DC generator is shown below. This generator comprises of several parts like yoke, poles & pole shoes, field winding, an armature core, armature winding, commutator & brushes. But the two essential parts of this device are stator as well as the rotor.

Stator

The stator is an essential part of the DC generator, and the main function of this is to provide the magnetic fields where the coils spin. This includes stable magnets, where two of them are with reverse poles facing. These magnets are located to fit in the region of the rotor.

Rotor or Armature Core

Rotor or armature core is the second essential part of the DC generator, and it includes slotted iron laminations with slots that are stacked to shape a cylindrical armature core. Generally, these laminations are offered to decrease the loss because of the eddy current.

Armature Windings

The armature core slots are mainly used for holding the armature windings. These are in a closed circuit winding form, and it is connected in series to parallel for enhancing the sum of produced current.

Yoke

The external structure of the DC generator is Yoke, and it is made with cast iron otherwise steel. It gives the necessary mechanical power for carrying the magnetic-flux given through the poles.

Poles

These are mainly used to hold the field windings. Usually, these windings are wound on the poles, & they are connected in series otherwise parallel by the armature windings. In addition, the poles will give joint toward the yoke with the welding method otherwise by using screws.

Pole Shoe

The pole shoe is mainly utilized for spreading the magnetic flux as well as to avoid the field coil from falling.

Commutator

The working of the commutator is like a rectifier for changing AC voltage to the DC voltage within the armature winding to across the brushes. It is designed with a copper segment, and each copper segment is protected from each other with the help of mica sheets. It is located on the shaft of the machine.

Brushes

The electrical connections can be ensured between the commutator as well as the exterior load circuit with the help of brushes.

Working Principle of DC Generator

The DC generator working principle is based on Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction. When a conductor is located in an unstable magnetic field, an electromotive force gets induced within the conductor. The induced e.m.f magnitude can be measured from the equation of the electromotive force of a generator.

If the conductor is present with a closed lane, the current which is induced will flow in the lane. In this generator, field coils will generate an electromagnetic field as well as the armature conductors are turned into the field. Therefore, an electromagnetically induced electromotive force (e.m.f) will be generated within the armature conductors. The path of induced current will be provided by Fleming’s right-hand rule.

DC Generator E.M.F Equation

The emf equation of dc generator according to Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction is Eg= PØZN/60 A

Where Φ is a flux or pole within Webber
Z is a total no.of armature conductor
P is a number of poles in a generator
A is a number of parallel lanes within the armature
N is the rotation of armature in r.p.m (revolutions per minute)
E is the induced e.m.f in any parallel lane within the armature
Eg is the generated e.m.f in any one of the parallel lanes
N/60 is the number of turns per second
Time for one turn will be dt = 60/N sec

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