DC MOTOR
What is DC Motor?
The electric motor operated by dc is called Dc Motor. This is a device that converts DC electric energy into a mechanical energy.
Principle of DC Motor:
When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field it experiences a torque and has a tendency to move. In other words, when a magnetic field and an electric field interact, a mechanical force is produced. The DC motor or direct current motor works on that principal. This is known as motoring action.
TYPES OF DC MOTORS:
Permanent Magnet dc motor
In these types of DC motor, the permanent magnet is used to create a magnetic field. In this, not input current is consumed for excitation. These are used in automobile starters, wipers, air conditioners, etc
Dc Shunt motor
Here, the field is connected with the armature windings in parallel or also known as a shunt. The shunt field can be separately excited from the armature windings and that is the reason it can be used for greater speed regulation and can also offer very simplified reverse control.
Dc Series motor
Here, a large wire carrying the full armature current winds the field with few turns. This kind of motor generates a large amount of starting torque but the speed cannot be regulated here. If they are run with no load then it might face damage. These are not the ideal option for variable speed applications.
Dc Compound motor
These have a shunt field which is separately excited. They have a good starting torque but might face problems in variable speed application.
Dc Shunt motor
In here, the shunt field winding is only connected with the armature winding and that too in parallel. The field coil, which is in series is entirely exposed to current before being split up into the armature.
Dc Long shunt motor
In here, the shunt field winding is connected in parallel with both series field coil and armature which are again connected with each other in series.
Differentially Compound dc motor
In this type of compound wound DC motor, the flux produced due to the shunt field windings reduces the effect of the main series windings.
Cumulative Compound Dc Motor
Here, the flux produced by the shunt field windings enhances the effect of the main field flux which is produced by series winding.
Torque Equation of Dc Motor:
P = number of field poles
Ø = flux produced per pole in Wb (weber)
Z = total no. of armature conductors
A = no. of parallel paths in armature
Ia = Armature Current(Amps)
Ta = (PZ / 2Ï€A) × Î¦.Ia
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