DC MOTOR
What
is DC Motor?
The electric motor
operated by dc is called Dc Motor. This is a device that converts DC electric energy
into a mechanical energy.
Principle
of DC Motor:
When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field it experiences a torque and has a tendency to move. In other words, when a magnetic field and an electric field interact, a mechanical force is produced. The DC motor or direct current motor works on that principal. This is known as motoring action.
TYPES
OF DC MOTORS:
- Permanent
Magnet DC Motor
- Shunt Motor
- Series Motor
- Compound Motor is again classified
into
- Short Shunt Motor
- Long Shunt Motor
- Differentially Compound
- Cumulative Compound
Permanent
Magnet dc motor
In these types of DC motor, the permanent magnet is used
to create a magnetic field. In this, not input current is
consumed for excitation. These are used in automobile starters, wipers, air
conditioners, etc
Dc
Shunt motor
Here, the field is connected with the armature windings
in parallel or also known as a shunt. The shunt field can be separately excited
from the armature windings and that is the reason it can be used for greater
speed regulation and can also offer very simplified reverse control.
Dc Series
motor
Here, a large wire carrying the full armature current
winds the field with few turns. This kind of motor generates a large amount of starting torque but the speed cannot be regulated
here. If they are run with no load then it might face damage. These are not the
ideal option for variable speed applications.
Dc Compound
motor
These have a shunt field which is separately excited.
They have a good starting torque but might face problems in variable speed
application.
Dc
Shunt motor
In here, the shunt field winding is only connected with
the armature winding and that too in parallel. The field coil, which is in
series is entirely exposed to current before being split up into the armature.
Dc Long
shunt motor
In here, the shunt field winding is connected in parallel
with both series field coil and armature which are again connected with each
other in series.
Differentially Compound dc motor
In this type of
compound wound DC motor, the flux produced due to the shunt field windings
reduces the effect of the main series windings.
Cumulative
Compound Dc Motor
Here, the flux produced by the shunt field windings
enhances the effect of the main field flux which is produced by series winding.
Torque Equation of Dc Motor:
P = number of field poles
Ø = flux produced per pole in Wb (weber)
Z = total no. of armature conductors
A = no. of parallel paths in armature
Ia = Armature Current(Amps)
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