Transformer

A transformer is a passive electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another, or multiple circuits. A varying current in any one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, which induces a varying electromotive force across any other coils wound around the same core

Types of Transformers

             1)Step up transformer 

             2) Step down transformer

Step up transformers converts the low voltage (LV) and high current from the primary side of the transformer to the high voltage (HV) and low current value on the secondary side of the transformer.

Step down transformers converts the high voltage (HV) and low current from the primary side of the transformer to the low voltage (LV) and high current value on the secondary side of the transformer.

Electrical Power Transformer, Distribution Transformer and Instrument Transformer

Power transformers are generally used in transmission network for stepping up or down the voltage level. It operates mainly during high or peak loads and has maximum efficiency at or near full load.

Distribution transformer steps down the voltage for distribution purpose to domestic or commercial users. It has good voltage regulation and operates 24 hrs a day with maximum efficiency at 50% of full load.

Instrument transformers include C.T and P.T which are used to reduce high voltages and current to lesser values which can be measured by conventional instruments.

Two Winding Transformer and Autotransformer

A two winding transformer is generally used where the ratio between the high voltage and low voltage side is greater than 2.

It is more cost effective to an autotransformer in situations where the ratio between the high voltage and low voltage sides is less than 2.

Outdoor Transformer and Indoor Transformers

As the name suggets: outdoor transformers are designed for installing outdoors.

Whereas indoor transformers are designed for installing at indoors (who would have guessed!).

Oil Cooled and Dry Type Transformer

This classification pertains to the transformer cooling system used within the transformer.

In oil cooled transformers, the cooling medium is transformer oil. Whereas in the dry type transformer, air cooling is used instead.

Core type Transformer

A core type transformer has two vertical legs or limbs with two horizontal sections named yoke. The core is rectangular in shape with a common magnetic circuit. Cylindrical coils (HV and LV) are placed on both the limbs.

Shell Type Transformer

A shell type transformer has a central limb and two outer limbs. Both HV, LV coils are placed on the central limb. The double magnetic ci

rcuit is present.

Berry Type Transformer

In a berry type transformer, the core looks like the spokes of a wheel. Tightly fitted metal sheet tanks are used for housing this type of transformer, with transformer oil filled inside.

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